Past Perfect Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành

Past Perfect, hay Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành, là một thì (tense) tiếng Anh khá phức tạp. Thực sự thì ứng dụng của nó trong giao tiếp không nhiều. Trừ trường hợp bạn sử dụng nó vì mục đích tưởng thuật (reported speech). Hay bạn muốn sử dụng một số câu Conditional (không thật). Thì rất ít khi bạn nghe được thì Past Perfect – Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành. Do đó, thì này, theo ý kiến cá nhân của thầy, được xếp vào nhóm ngữ pháp nâng cao.

Trong bài viết này, chúng ta sẽ cùng khám phá thì Past Perfect qua 03 nội dung chính:

1. Cách sử dụng Past Perfect
2. Các trường hợp nên sử dụng quá khứ hoàn thành
3. Một số bài tập áp dụng

Past Perfect – Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành

FORMATION

Subject + had + Past Participle (V3/V-ed)

 Example (e.g.)

I had seen him.

We had seen him.
They had seen him.

She had seen him.
He had seen him.
It had seen him.

A cat had seen him.
The cats had seen him.

USES

1. For an action already completed before a point of time in the past or before another past action expressed by the simple past:
   Một hành động HOÀN TẤT trước một MỐC thời gian hoặc một HÀNH ĐỘNG khác trong quá khứ:

   • We had eaten lunch before/by two o’clock.
   • We had eaten lunch before/when they arrived.

2. For an action begun before a point of time in the past or before another past action and still in progress at that point of time or when that action happened (in this case, it relating to the present perfect tense in a way):

   Một hành động XẢY RA trước một MỐC hoặc một HÀNH ĐỘNG khác trong quá khứ nhưng CHƯA hoàn tất:

   • By January 1976, they had lived in that house for ten years.
   • When we met them, they had lived in that house for ten years.

3. For the duration of an action up to a certain time in the past:

   Một hành động KÉO DÀI đến một MỐC thời gian trong quá khứ:

   • By the time I left school, I had learned English there for seven years.
   • Until 2010, I hadn’t made any friends.
   • When I knew how to ride a bike, he had already known how to build a computer.

4. For Past Subjunctive in some particular structures (Conditional, Reported Speech…):
   Làm Quá Khứ Giả Định trong một số cấu trúc nhất định:

   • He said, “I’ve been in Vietnam for 5 years.” => He said that he had been in Vietnam for five years.
   • If you had worked hard, you would have passed the exam.
   • If only I had known that you wanted it.
   • I wish I had known that you wanted it.

5. With such verbs as hope, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose, want to…express a past hope, expectation, intention, desire, etc. that was not realized.
   Đi cùng với những Verbs như trên khi diễn đạt một”dự định trong quá khứ nhưng KHÔNG thực hiện được”

   • We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.
     (tụi tui mong ông tới. Thế mà ông bữa đó ko tới)
   • We had intended/meant to take a trip to Bath last year, but we couldn’t get away.
     (năm ngoái định đi chơi, mà cuối cùng hụt)
   • She had thought of paying us a visit but the bad weather made her change her plan.
     (định đi chơi mà trời mưa, nghỉ luôn)

   6. Subject + meant/intended + to + have + past participle.

• • I intended to have called on you (but I didn’t).
  • They meant to have taken you inside (but we couldn’t).

Exercise Past Perfect

Bài Tập Cơ Bản
Correct these sentences using Past Perfect.
Sửa những câu sau theo thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành.

1. I have seen him.
2. She and I had never meet him before.
3. Before I went to school yesterday, I have done my homework.
4. Nobody knew about us. I killed everybody who saw us ( T__T! )
5. I saw one of my friend playing games yesterday. But it turned out that he has finished his class soon.
6. My teacher doesn’t told us about the test. If we knew about the test, we would have prepared for it.
7. I wish I were did my exercise yesterday.
   

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
Thay đổi các động từ dưới đây theo “thì” thích hợp:

1. He (give) me back the book, (thank) me for lending it to him and (say) that he (enjoy) it very much; but I (know) that he (not read) it because most of the pages (be) still uncut.
2. When he (see) his wife off at the station, he (return) home as he (no have) to be at the airport till 9.30.
3. He (not have) to pack, for his wife already (do) that for him and his case (be) ready in the hall.
4. He (not have) to check the doors and windows either, for his wife always (do) that before she (leave) the house.
5. All he (have) to do (be) to decide whether or not to take his overcoat with him. In the end he (decide) not to.
6. At 8.30 he (pick) up his case, (go) out of the house and (slam) the door behind him.
7. Then he (feel) in his pockets for the key, for his wife (remind) him to double-lock the front door.
8. When he (search) all his pockets and (find) no key he (remember) where it (be).
9. He (leave) it in his overcoat pocket. Then he (remember) something else; his passport and tickets (be) in his overcoat pocket as well.

Tóm tắt bài viết Past Perfect – Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành

• Chúng ta sẽ dùng Past Perfect cho hành động nào xảy ra trước một hành động/thời gian trong quá khứ.
• Để có Quá Khứ hoàn thành, chỉ việc dùng “Suject + had + Past Participle (V3).
• Có thể các bạn cũng sẽ hứng thú với chuyên đề Grammar (ngữ pháp).
• Cảm ơn các bạn đã đọc bài viết này tại LearningEnglishM. Và đừng quên kết nối qua Facebook và Youtube nhé!